About the author

Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime, and by the 20th century, critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories are still widely read today.

Born in Portsmouth, Dickens left school to work in a factory when his father was incarcerated in a debtors' prison. Despite his lack of formal education, he edited a weekly journal for 20 years, wrote 15 novels, five novellas, hundreds of short stories and non-fiction articles, lectured and performed readings extensively, was an indefatigable letter writer, and campaigned vigorously for children's rights, education, and other social reforms.

Dickens's literary success began with the 1836 serial publication of The Pickwick Papers. Within a few years he had become an international literary celebrity, famous for his humour, satire, and keen observation of character and society. His novels, most published in monthly or weekly instalments, pioneered the serial publication of narrative fiction, which became the dominant Victorian mode for novel publication. Cliffhanger endings in his serial publications kept readers in suspense. The instalment format allowed Dickens to evaluate his audience's reaction, and he often modified his plot and character development based on such feedback. For example, when his wife's chiropodist expressed distress at the way Miss Mowcher in David Copperfield seemed to reflect her disabilities, Dickens improved the character with positive features. His plots were carefully constructed, and he often wove elements from topical events into his narratives. Masses of the illiterate poor chipped in ha'pennies to have each new monthly episode read to them, opening up and inspiring a new class of readers.

His 1843 novella A Christmas Carol remains especially popular and continues to inspire adaptations in every artistic genre. Oliver Twist and Great Expectations are also frequently adapted and, like many of his novels, evoke images of early Victorian London. His 1859 novel A Tale of Two Cities (set in London and Paris) is his best-known work of historical fiction. The most famous celebrity of his era, public demand saw him undertake a series of public reading tours in the later part of his career. Dickens has been praised by many of his fellow writers—from Leo Tolstoy to George Orwell, G. K. Chesterton, and Tom Wolfe—for his realism, comedy, prose style, unique characterisations, and social criticism. However, Oscar Wilde, Henry James, and Virginia Woolf complained of a lack of psychological depth, loose writing, and a vein of sentimentalism.

The term Dickensian is used to describe something that is reminiscent of Dickens and his writings, such as poor social conditions or comically repulsive characters.

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Mikuláš Nickleby I

Nickleby nepocházel z majetných poměrů. Byl sice statkář, ale jeho panství bylo rozlohou asi tak velké jako menší náměstíčko. Kvůli nevydařené finanční spekulaci ztratil veškerý svůj majetek a zanechal po sobě vdovu, syna Mikuláše a dceru Katušku. Ti jsou po smrti otce vydání na milost a nemilost svého strýce z Londýna, kam se odstěhují, ale srdečné pomoci u něho mnoho nenaleznou. Pro bohatého strýce – vychytralého lichváře – jsou peníze tím nejdůležitějším na světě, a proto se kouká svých chudých příbuzných co nejrychleji zbavit. Slíbí, že jim obstará nějaké zaměstnání, aby si pohodlně vydělali na stravu a byt. Cesty jednotlivých členů rodiny se tedy musí rozejít. Zatímco matka s dcerou zůstávají v Londýně, odchází mladý Mikuláš na akademii pana Squeerse do Yorkshiru, aby nastoupil na místo pomocného učitele. Tam poznává strýčkovu zradu. Ústav, do kterého se dostal, je výdělečným podnikem pana Squeerse a místem utrpení pro jeho svěřence – hochy, kterým se zde má dostat vzdělání. Místo toho jsou však děti trápeny hladem a zimou a tomu všemu musí Mikuláš nedobrovolně přihlížet. Pokud se Mikuláš dostal do tak svízelné situace, jaký osud mohl potkat jeho sestru Katušku a matku? Charles Dickens (1812–1870) byl věhlasný anglický spisovatel, jenž se narodil do chudých poměrů. V mládí pracoval ve fabrice na leštidla bot a časem se vypracoval na písaře těsnopisu. Přispíval také do časopisu Morning Chronicle. K jeho nejznámějším románům patří Oliver Twist, který je inspirovaný zážitky a zkušenostmi z chudého dětství.
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Printed pages415 Sider
Publish date17 Jan 2020
Published bySAGA Egmont
Languagecze
ISBN epub9788711661833