Terje Tvedt (born 24 August 1951) is a Norwegian academic, author and film maker. He is presently a professor at the Department of Geography, University of Bergen, and Professor in Global History, University of Oslo, Norway. He has previously been a professor of political science and development studies.

Tvedt has written and published extensively on the role of water in society and history, and developed influential perspectives on how water-society relations impact societies. See especially his books on the history of the Nile and “A History of Water” series in 9 volumes.

He is also a prolific writer on Norwegian modern history of ideas with an emphasis on dominant worldviews in the era of development aid, and has been a very central figure in Norwegian public and intellectual debates on these issues. He has also made numerous successful and award-winning TV-documentaries on different topics, among them A Journey in the History of Water, The Future of Water, and The Nile Quest. They have been shown in about 150 countries and been bought by many of the world's leading TV-networks.